A corporation needs capital in order to start up, operate, and expands its business. The process of acquiring this capital is known as financing. A corporation uses two basic types of financing and debt financing. Equity financing refers to funds that are invested by owners of the corporation. Debt financing, on the other hand, refers to funds that borrowed from sources outside the corporation.
Equity financing (obtaining owners funds) can be exemplified by the sale of corporate stock. In this type of transaction, the corporation sells units of ownership known as share of stock. Each share entitles the purchaser to a certain amount of ownership. For example, if someone buys 100 shares of stock from Ford Motor Company, that person has purchased 100 shares worth of Ford’s resources, materials, plants, production, and profits. The person who purchases shares of stock is known as a stockholder or shareholder.
All corporations, regardless of their size, receive their starting capital from issuing and selling shares of stock. The initial sales involve some risk on the part of the buyers because the corporation has no record of performance. If the corporation is successful, the stockholder may profit through increased valuation of the shares of stock, as well as by receiving dividends. Dividends are proportional amounts of profit usually paid quarterly to stockholders. However, if the corporation is not successful, the stockholder may take a severe loss on the initial stock investment.
Often equity financing does not provide the corporation with enough capital and it must turn to debt financing, or borrowing funds. One example of debt financing is the sale of corporate bonds. In this type of agreement, the corporation borrows money from an investor in return for a bond. The bond has a maturity date, a deadline when the corporation must repay all of the money it has borrowed. The corporation must also make periodic interest payments to the bondholder during the time the money is borrowed. If these obligations are not met, the corporation can be forced to sell its assets in order to make payments to the bondholders.
All businesses need financial support. Equity financing (as in the sale of stock) and debt financing (as in the sale of bonds) provide important means by which a corporation may obtain its capital.
Terjemahan :
PENGUASAAN MODAL
Sebuah perusahaan membutuhkan modal untuk memulai, menjalankan, dan mengembangkan bisnisnya. Proses penguasaan modal ini dikenal sebagai perolehan dana. Perusahaan menggunakan 2 tipe dasar perolehan dana : perolehan dari dana sendiri dan perolehan dana dari berhutang. Perolehan dari dana sendiri maksudnya dana diinvestasikan oleh pmilik perusahaan. Perolehan dana dari berhutang, sebaliknya, maksudnya dana pinjaman dari sumber diluar perusahaan.
Perolehan dari dana sendiri (perolehan dana dari pemilik) dapat diberikan contoh dengan menjual saham perusahaan. Pada jenis ini, perusahaan menjual unit-unit kepemilikan yang disebut saham. Setiap bagian memberi hak kepada pemilik untuk sejumlah tertentu kepemilikan. Sebagai contoh, jika seseorang membeli 100 bagian saham dari ford motor company bahwa seseorang membeli 100 bagian nilai kekayaan ford, lahan, pabrik, produksi dan keuntungan. Seseorang yang membeli saham disebut sebagi pemegang saham.
Semua perusahaan, tidak pandang besar kecilnya, menerima modal awal mereka dari pengeluaran dan penjualan saham. Penjualan permulaan melibatkan beberapa resiko bagian dari pembeli karena perusahaan tidak mempunyai catatan kinerja. Jika perusahaan sukses, pemegang saham dapat memperoleh keuntungan yang proporsional, biasanya dibayar 3 bulan kepada pemegang saham. Bagaimanapun, jika perusahaan tidak sukses, pemegang saham dapat mengalami kerugian besar dari penerima investasi.
Seringkali perolehan dari dana sendiri tidak disediakan perusahaan dengan cukup modal dan perusahaan harus beralih ke perolehan dana dari berhutang, atau meminjam dana. Satu contoh dari perolehan dana dari berhutang adalah menjual saham surat tanda berhutang, ini adalah jenis perjanjian, perusahaan meminjam uang dari seorang investor sebagai pengganti sebuah surat tanda berhutang mempunyai tanggal jatuh tempo, batas akhir ketika perusahaan harus membayar kembali semua uang yang dipinjam. Perusahaan harus juga melakukan pembayaran bunga berkala ke pemegang surat tanda berhutang selama waktu uang itu di pinjam. Jika kewajiban ini tidak terpenuhi, perusahaan dapat dipaksa untuk menjual asset untuk membayar kepada pemegang surat tanda berhutang.
Semua usaha membutuhkan dukungan dana. Perolehan dari dana sendiri (seperti menjual saham) dan perolehan dana dari berhutang (seperti menjual surat tanda berhutang) memberikan jalan yang penting dengan mana sebuah perusahaan mungkin mendapatkan modal itu.
Minggu, 27 Desember 2009
Minggu, 06 Desember 2009
Mengenal Tentang Autis
Kata ‘autisme’ berasal dari bahasa Yunani “autos”, yang berarti diri sendiri. Hal ini merujuk kebiasaan anak dengan autisme yang seakan-akan hidup dalam dunianya sendiri, meski di tengah keramaian sekalipun. Lembaga sensus Amerika pada tahun 2004 melaporkan bahwa terdapat 475.000 dengan cirri autisme.
Gejala autisme sudah dapat diketahui sejak usia beberapa setelah kelahirannya. Istilahnya autis infatil atau Kanner. Para ahli menempatkan Autis ini sebagai spektrum paling berat. Sedangkan pada autisme dengan spektrum ringan sering disebut Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) atau biasa pula disebut autisma atypical(tidak khas), asperger atau semantic-pragmatic disorder.
Pada autis infatil akan membuat sang ibu sangat sedih sebab saat disusui tubuh sang bayi akan kaku, meski mampu mengisap air susu ia tak menatap ibunya. Begitu pula saat direbahkan dalam posisi terlentang bayi dengan autis infatil akan diam saja sedangkan pada bayi normal ia akan spontan tersenyum. Setelah usia 2-3 bulan bayi dengan autis infatil tak akan merespon jika diajak jalan-jalan atau bercakap-cakap. Tangisannya pun tak jelas disebabkan oleh lapar, rasa takut, haus dll. Matanya akan terlihat kosong dan tak tertarik dengan sekilingnya. Kalau pun tertarik pada satu objek, maka akan terus menerus lekat dan menginginkannya. ASD mampu berbicara namun tidak bisa berkomunikasi dengan orang lain atau tak mampu menyusun kata.
Dalam bukunya Bernard Rimland(19640 dipaparkan mengenai adanya gangguan susunan saraf pusat pada anak-anak dengan autisme yaitu pada sirkuit batang otak-selebrum, sistem limbik, dan sirkuit korteks serebri yang berbeda dengan orang-orang pada umumnya. Keadaan itulah yang menyebabkan adanya gangguan perkembangan kognitif, bahasa, emosi, dan interaksi sosial pada anak dengan autisme.
Perilaku anak-anak autis cenderung punya karakter hiperaktif, kurang fokus terhadap lawan bicara, dan membatasi interaksi mereka dengan lingkungan sekitar apalagi berteman. Mereka mampu menangis berjam-jam tanpa henti serta marah-marah sampai mengamuk tanpa sebab yang jelas(tantrum).Namun sebagian anak autis punya ingatan dan kemampuan berbicara normal. Dapat sangat agresif terhadap orang lain atau dirinya sendiri(seperti membentur-benturkan kepala, menggigit tubuh dan benda-benda keras). Perilaku stimulasi diri seperti berputar-putar, mengepak-ngepakan tangan seperti sayap, berjalan berjinjit dan lain sebagainya. Seringkali sulit mengubah rutinitas sehari-hari.Namun pada sebagian anak dengan autis ada pula yang bersikap pasif.
Sampai sini dulu informasinya.Semoga para pembaca ataupun pengunjung sudah bisa memahami tentang autisme.
Gejala autisme sudah dapat diketahui sejak usia beberapa setelah kelahirannya. Istilahnya autis infatil atau Kanner. Para ahli menempatkan Autis ini sebagai spektrum paling berat. Sedangkan pada autisme dengan spektrum ringan sering disebut Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) atau biasa pula disebut autisma atypical(tidak khas), asperger atau semantic-pragmatic disorder.
Pada autis infatil akan membuat sang ibu sangat sedih sebab saat disusui tubuh sang bayi akan kaku, meski mampu mengisap air susu ia tak menatap ibunya. Begitu pula saat direbahkan dalam posisi terlentang bayi dengan autis infatil akan diam saja sedangkan pada bayi normal ia akan spontan tersenyum. Setelah usia 2-3 bulan bayi dengan autis infatil tak akan merespon jika diajak jalan-jalan atau bercakap-cakap. Tangisannya pun tak jelas disebabkan oleh lapar, rasa takut, haus dll. Matanya akan terlihat kosong dan tak tertarik dengan sekilingnya. Kalau pun tertarik pada satu objek, maka akan terus menerus lekat dan menginginkannya. ASD mampu berbicara namun tidak bisa berkomunikasi dengan orang lain atau tak mampu menyusun kata.
Dalam bukunya Bernard Rimland(19640 dipaparkan mengenai adanya gangguan susunan saraf pusat pada anak-anak dengan autisme yaitu pada sirkuit batang otak-selebrum, sistem limbik, dan sirkuit korteks serebri yang berbeda dengan orang-orang pada umumnya. Keadaan itulah yang menyebabkan adanya gangguan perkembangan kognitif, bahasa, emosi, dan interaksi sosial pada anak dengan autisme.
Perilaku anak-anak autis cenderung punya karakter hiperaktif, kurang fokus terhadap lawan bicara, dan membatasi interaksi mereka dengan lingkungan sekitar apalagi berteman. Mereka mampu menangis berjam-jam tanpa henti serta marah-marah sampai mengamuk tanpa sebab yang jelas(tantrum).Namun sebagian anak autis punya ingatan dan kemampuan berbicara normal. Dapat sangat agresif terhadap orang lain atau dirinya sendiri(seperti membentur-benturkan kepala, menggigit tubuh dan benda-benda keras). Perilaku stimulasi diri seperti berputar-putar, mengepak-ngepakan tangan seperti sayap, berjalan berjinjit dan lain sebagainya. Seringkali sulit mengubah rutinitas sehari-hari.Namun pada sebagian anak dengan autis ada pula yang bersikap pasif.
Sampai sini dulu informasinya.Semoga para pembaca ataupun pengunjung sudah bisa memahami tentang autisme.
Rabu, 02 Desember 2009
EPORO

Robot beroda tiga (three-wheeled) ini bentuknya unik.Robot ini diberi nama EPORO yg merupakan kependekan dari Episode 0(Zero) Robot. Dibuat dan dikembangkan oleh Nissan. Pertama kali diperkenalkan dalam CEATEC, pameran elektronik dan informasi teknologi di Jepang. Robot beroda tiga ini memiliki tinggi 50 cm, bobot 13 kg, dan kecepatan maksimum kurang lebih 1.4 km/jam.
Robot mungil ini mampu berjalan bersisian dengan teman-temannya tanpa menabrak. Ini dikarenakan EPORO dilengkapi sebuah fitru anti tabrak ( anti collision).Jadi fitur ini berfungsi sebagai sensor untuk mengetahui apapun yang ada di dekatnya. Bagaimana bisa? Sebuah teknologi laser digunakan dalam fitur anti tabrak ini. Laser tersebut akan menghitung jarak antara robot dengan benda apapun yang ada di sekitarnya. Kemampuan dua laser yang tampak seperti mata itu memiliki bidang pandang seluas 288 derajat.
Selain laser, EPORO juga dilengkapi sejumlah informasi tentang lingkungan. Informasi tersebut disimpan pada program dalam tubuhnya. Dia pun bisa merasakan satu sama lain dan segera mengubah arah saat menyadari ada yang menghalangi jalannya.
Senin, 30 November 2009
AVENGED SEVENFOLD

Avenged Sevenfold atau lebih dikenal sebagai A7X atau Sevenfold, didirikan oleh Zacky Vengeance (gitar) dan M. Shadows (vokal), ketika mereka masih SMA di Orange County. Kemudian mereka mengajak The Reverend Tholomew Plague (drum), dan mereka merilis demo pada tahun 1999.Perilisan demo awal pada tahun 1999, sehingga ditetapkan sebagai tahun lahirnya Avenged Sevenfold. Pada tahun 2002 mereka kembali merilis Sounding The Seventh Trumpet yang sebelumnya pernah dirilis pada tahun 2001, dimulai dengan Masuknya Synyster Gates (gitar) pada trek pertama pada album Sounding the Sevent Trumpet.Lalu mereka menjalin kerjasama dengan Hopeless Records, dan merilis Waking the Fallen, dengan mengeluarkan hits Mainstream, Unholy Confessions. Album ini mendapat dukungan yang tinggi dari Rolling Stones Magazine
City of Evil (Jalan Menuju Mainstream)
Tahun 2005 , Amerika Serikat tengah jenuh dengan musik hip-hop dan pop yang merajalela , lalu Avenged Sevenfold merilis album mereka City of Evil dengan hits single Bat Country yg merupakan lagu metal/rock prtama yg merajai MTV TRL . mereka mempopulerkan kembali solo gitar dengan duet gitaris Synster Gates dan Zacky Vengeance yg benar-benar memanaskan area moshpit. Album tersebut mendapat sertifikasi gold dan memenangkan predikat Best New Artist in a Video di MTV VMA 2006 untuk lagu Bat Country.Tahun 2007 , mereka kembali masuk studio untuk merekam lagu terbaru mereka untuk studio album ke-5 mereka. Awal Agustus 2007 , mereka menjalani tur Asia Pasifik mereka , dan sempat mampir di Indonesia dan memainkan lagu mereka pertama kali didepan publik , lagu yang berjudul Almost Easy tersebut mendapat sambutan hangat dari penggemar di seluruh dunia.
erikut alum-albumnya :
* Sounding the Seventh Trumpet (2001)
1. “To End the Rapture” – 1:22
2. “Turn the Other Way” – 5:37
3. “Darkness Surrounding” – 4:49
4. “The Art of Subconscious Illusion” – 3:47
5. “We Come Out at Night” – 4:45
6. “Lips of Deceit” – 4:04
7. “Warmness on the Soul” – 4:19
8. “An Epic of Time Wasted” – 4:20
9. “Breaking Their Hold” – 1:11
10. “Forgotten Faces” – 3:37
11. “Thick and Thin” – 4:11
12. “Streets” – 3:06
13. “Shattered By Broken Dreams” – 7:06
* Warmness on the Soul EP (2001) * Waking the Fallen (2003)
1. “Waking The Fallen” 1:44
2. “Unholy Confessions” 4:45
3. “Chapter Four” 5:44
4. “Remenissions” 6:08
5. “Desecrate Through Reverance” 5:40
6. “Eternal Rest” 5:14
7. “Second Heartbeat” 7:02
8. “Radiant Eclipse” 6:11
9. “I Won’t See You Tonight Pt. 1? 9:00
10. “I Won’t See You Tonight Pt. 2? 4:46
11. “Clairvoyant Disease” 5:01
12. “And All Things Will End” 7:40
* City of Evil (2005)
1. “Beast and the Harlot” – 5:40
2. “Burn It Down” – 4:58
3. “Blinded in Chains” – 6:35
4. “Bat Country” – 5:13
5. “Trashed and Scattered” – 5:54
6. “Seize the Day” – 5:32
7. “Sidewinder” – 7:01
8. “The Wicked End” – 7:11
9. “Strength of the World” – 9:14
10. “Betrayed” – 6:47
11. “M.I.A.” – 8:46
* Avenged Sevenfold Self-Titled Album (2007)
1. “Critical Acclaim” – 5:14
2. “Almost Easy” – 3:53
3. “Scream” – 4:48
4. “Afterlife” – 5:51
5. “Gunslinger” - 4:11 (featuring Shanna Crooks)
6. “Unbound (The Wild Ride)” (featuring Zander Ayeroff and Annmarie Rizzo) – 5:11
7. “Brompton Cocktail” – 4:12
8. “Lost” – 5:01
9. “A Little Piece of Heaven” (featuring Juliette Commagere) – 8:00
10. “Dear God” (featuring Shanna Crooks) – 6:33
Bonus tracks*
“Almost Easy” (Jam-Along Version) (iTunes Bonus Track) - 3:55 *
“Bat Country” (Live at Hammerstein Ballroom) (iTunes Pre-Order Bonus Track) - 6:04
Anggota saat ini :
-M.Shadow(Vokalis)
-Synyster Gates(Lead Guitar)
-Zacky Vengeance(Rythm Guitar)
-The Reverend(Drum)
-Jhonny Christ(Bassist)
DREAM THEATER

Profil Dream Theater
Dream Theater adalah salah satu grup progressive metal paling terkemuka di dunia saat ini. Didirikan oleh Mike Portnoy, John Petrucci dan John Myung, mereka telah merilis delapan album studio, empat rekaman live dan satu album pendek (EP). Album pertama mereka, When Dream And Day Unite direkam dengan Charlie Dominici sebagai vokalis dan Kevin Moore sebagai pemain keyboards. Dominici berusia jauh lebih tua daripada anggota lainnya dan ingin memainkan musik yang lain, sehingga ia kemudian keluar dari grup. Mereka kemudian mencari pengganti yang ideal selama 2 tahun sampai akhirnya bertemu dengan James LaBrie, vokalis dari Kanada melalui audisi.
Bersama LaBrie mereka merekam Images And Words yang melambungkan nama mereka ke jajaran internasional dengan hit “Pull Me Under” dan “Another Day”. Awake adalah album terakhir mereka dengan Moore yang kemudian digantikan oleh Derek Sherinian untuk album Falling Into Infinity. Pada akhirnya Sherinian juga digantikan oleh Jordan Rudess dan formasi ini masih bertahan sampai hari ini. Mereka telah meluncurkan album konsep Metropolis 2: Scenes From A Memory dan album ganda Six Degrees Of Inner Turbulence. Pada tahun 2003 mereka memutuskan untuk merekam album non-konsep Train Of Thought yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh grup thrash metal seperti Metallica.
Album terbaru mereka yang berjudul Octavarium dikeluarkan pada tanggal 7 Juni 2005 dan selain merupakan album studio kedelapan juga mengandung delapan lagu.
Setelah Dream Theater meluncurkan album Live mereka dalam memperingati 20 tahun Dream Theater terbentuk yang berjudul Score yang direkam pada tanggal 1 April 2006 di Radio City Music Hall,US. Mereka kembali bersiap meluncurkan album ke sembilan mereka dengan membawa bendera label record baru yaitu RoadRunner Records, mereka telah merampungkan album Systematic Chaos yang berisi 8 lagu.
Dan saat ini di tahun 2009 mereka mengeluarkan album lagi yaitu "Black Clouds and Silver Linings".Di dalam album ini berisi 6 lagu.Dan yang menjadi track andalan mereka yaitu A Nightmare To Remember.
Minggu, 15 November 2009
THE BALANCE SHEET
Financial statements are the final product of the accounting process. They provide information on the financial condition of a company. The balance sheet, one type of financial statement, provides a summary of what a company owns and what it owes on one particular day.
Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment, and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liabilities are the debts that a company owes-for example, to suppliers and banks. If liabilities are subtracted from assets (assets – liabilities), the amount remaining is the owners’ share of a business. This is known as owners’ or stockholders’ equity.
One key to understanding the accounting transactions of business is to understand the relationship of its assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity. This is often represented by the fundamental accounting equation: assets equal liabilities plus owners’ equity.
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS’ EQUITY
These three factors are expressed in monetary terms and therefore are limited to items that can be given a monetary value. The accounting equation always remains in balance; in other words, one side must equal the other.
The balance sheet expands the accounting equation by providing more information about the asstes, liabilities, and owners’ equity of a company at a specific time (for example, on December 31, 1993). It is made up of two parts. The first part lists the company assets, and the second part details liabilities and owners’ equity. Assets are divided into current and fixed assets. Cash, accounts receivable, and inventories are all current assets. Property, buildings, and equipment make up the fixed assets of a company. The liabilities section of the balance sheet is often divided into current liabilities (such as accounts payable and income taxes payable) and long-term liabilities (such as bonds and long-term notes).
The balance sheet provides a financial picture of a company on a particular date, and for this reason it is useful in two important areas. Internally, the balance sheet provides managers with financial information for company decision making. Externally, it gives potential investors data evaluating the company’s financial position.
Comprehension
1. Answer the following questions about the balance sheet. Question whit asterisk (*) cannot be answered directly form the text.
1. What is the final product of the accounting process?
2. What is a balance sheet?
3. Does the balance sheet provide financial information for a long period of time (for example, January to June 1993) or does it provide information for a specific point in time (for example, on June 30, 1993)?
4. What is the difference assets and liabilities?
5. How is owners’ or stockholders’ equity determined?
6. How can the relationship between assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity be represented?
7. Does the accounting equation always remain in balance?*Why or why not?
8. How can a business use a balance sheet?*As a manager, how would you find a balance sheet useful?
Answer.
A. 1. The final product of accounting process is the balance sheet.
2. A balance sheet is a final statement that a provide a summary of what a
company owns and what it owes on a particular day.
3. It provides information for a specific point in time, for example, on June 30,
1993.
4. Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, liabilities are
the debts that is a company owes.
5. Owners’ is stockholders’ equity is determined by subtracting liabilities from
Assets.
6. It can be represented by the fundamental accounting equation assets equal
Liabilities plus owners’ equity.
7. Yes, it does. Because one side must equal the other. If not, it must be wrong
with the recording.
8. A balance sheet is useful for a business, because it provide a financial picture
of a company or a particular day.
2. Complete the balance sheet by writing in the correct terms from the list below.
Assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities
Liabilities Fixed assets Current assets
Stockholders equity
International Manufacturing, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 1993
Assets
Current assets
Cash $ 49,400
Account receivable 1,600
Inventories 53,000
Total $ 104,000
Fixed assets
Property $ 15,000
Buildings 50,000
Equipment 10,000
Total $ 75,000
Total assets $ 179,000
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Account payable $ 30,000
Income tax payable 19,000
Total $ 49,000
Long-term liabilities
Bonds $ 20,000
Long-term notes 40,000
Total $ 60,000
Total liabilities $ 109,000
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock $ 47,000
Retained earnings 23,000
Total $ 70,000
Total liabilities and $ 179,000
stockholders’ equity
Vocabulary Exercises
1. Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
2. Look at the terms in the left-hand column and find the correct synonyms or definitions in the right-hand column. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. g property (line 6) a. assets equal liabilities plus
owners equity
2. d equal (line 12) b. provide information item
by item
3. f condition (line 2) c. indicate by words or
symbols
4. b detail (line 21) d. have the same value as
5. a accounting equation (line 12) e. a series of transactions,
changes, or functions that
bring about a particular
result
6. h monetary (line 15) f. the existing circumstance
7. e process (line 1) g. anything owned by a
person
8. c express (line 15) h. of or pertaining to money
C. Discuss the following question with a partner. In giving your answers, try to use the italicized terms.
1. What is the difference between accounts receivable and accounts
payable?
2. Why are accounts receivable and cash considered current assets while
property and equipment are considered fixed assets? What do you think
the difference is between current and fixed assets?
3. The owners’ equity in a company equals assets minus liabilities. What
is meant by owners’ (or stockholders’) equity?
4. If you were a manager, how would you use the balance sheet to evaluate
your company’s financial condition?
5. What do you consider your personal assets? Do you have any
liabilities? What are they?
Answer.
1. Accounts receivable is assets and account payable is liabilities.
2. Because they are easy changed into money.
3. Net owning.
4. The manager known were the company’s financial healthy.
5. Mobile.
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these question.
1. What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
1 they financial statement
9 this the owners’ share a business
11 this the relationship of its assets,
liabilities, and owners’ equity
15 these three factors assets, liabilities, owners’
equity
2. In line 6, what are property, equipment, and accounts receivable examples of?
Assets
3. In line 7, what do suppliers and banks refer to?
To whom the company has debts
4. In line 5-7, two different phrases are used to incorporate examples in the reading. What are these phrases?
a. Assets
b. Liabilities
5. Another method of clarification by example is the use of mathematical representations. From the reading, copy example that use mathematical symbols.
a. The fundamental accounting equation
b. Assets = liabilities + owners’ equity
Classification
Categories of the balance sheet can be classified to show the relationship between them. Fill in the following blanks on the information provided in the reading and to figure 1 (page 79).
Class : Assets Class : Liabilities
Members : Current assets Members : Current liabilities
Fixed assets Long-term liabilities
Class : Current assets Class : Current liabilities
Members : Cash Members : Account payable
Accounts receivable Income tax payable
Inventories
Class : Fixed assets Class : Long-term liabilities
Members : Property Members : Bonds
Building Long-term notes
Equipment
Application
Using the information in the reading, answer the following questions. Give reasons to support your answers.
1. Which of the following is not a fixed assets: office equipment, machinery, marketable securities, land, and buildings? Why?
Marketable securities, because its easy to change into money.
2. Are the following liabilities current or long-term: bank loans payable, accounts payable, mortgage bonds payable, taxes payable, and long-term notes payable? List each under the correct heading.
CURRENT LIABILITIES LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Account payable Bank loans payable
Taxes payable Mortgage bonds payable
Notes payable
Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, such as property, equipment, and accounts receivable. On the other hand, liabilities are the debts that a company owes-for example, to suppliers and banks. If liabilities are subtracted from assets (assets – liabilities), the amount remaining is the owners’ share of a business. This is known as owners’ or stockholders’ equity.
One key to understanding the accounting transactions of business is to understand the relationship of its assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity. This is often represented by the fundamental accounting equation: assets equal liabilities plus owners’ equity.
ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS’ EQUITY
These three factors are expressed in monetary terms and therefore are limited to items that can be given a monetary value. The accounting equation always remains in balance; in other words, one side must equal the other.
The balance sheet expands the accounting equation by providing more information about the asstes, liabilities, and owners’ equity of a company at a specific time (for example, on December 31, 1993). It is made up of two parts. The first part lists the company assets, and the second part details liabilities and owners’ equity. Assets are divided into current and fixed assets. Cash, accounts receivable, and inventories are all current assets. Property, buildings, and equipment make up the fixed assets of a company. The liabilities section of the balance sheet is often divided into current liabilities (such as accounts payable and income taxes payable) and long-term liabilities (such as bonds and long-term notes).
The balance sheet provides a financial picture of a company on a particular date, and for this reason it is useful in two important areas. Internally, the balance sheet provides managers with financial information for company decision making. Externally, it gives potential investors data evaluating the company’s financial position.
Comprehension
1. Answer the following questions about the balance sheet. Question whit asterisk (*) cannot be answered directly form the text.
1. What is the final product of the accounting process?
2. What is a balance sheet?
3. Does the balance sheet provide financial information for a long period of time (for example, January to June 1993) or does it provide information for a specific point in time (for example, on June 30, 1993)?
4. What is the difference assets and liabilities?
5. How is owners’ or stockholders’ equity determined?
6. How can the relationship between assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity be represented?
7. Does the accounting equation always remain in balance?*Why or why not?
8. How can a business use a balance sheet?*As a manager, how would you find a balance sheet useful?
Answer.
A. 1. The final product of accounting process is the balance sheet.
2. A balance sheet is a final statement that a provide a summary of what a
company owns and what it owes on a particular day.
3. It provides information for a specific point in time, for example, on June 30,
1993.
4. Assets represent everything of value that is owned by a business, liabilities are
the debts that is a company owes.
5. Owners’ is stockholders’ equity is determined by subtracting liabilities from
Assets.
6. It can be represented by the fundamental accounting equation assets equal
Liabilities plus owners’ equity.
7. Yes, it does. Because one side must equal the other. If not, it must be wrong
with the recording.
8. A balance sheet is useful for a business, because it provide a financial picture
of a company or a particular day.
2. Complete the balance sheet by writing in the correct terms from the list below.
Assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities
Liabilities Fixed assets Current assets
Stockholders equity
International Manufacturing, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 1993
Assets
Current assets
Cash $ 49,400
Account receivable 1,600
Inventories 53,000
Total $ 104,000
Fixed assets
Property $ 15,000
Buildings 50,000
Equipment 10,000
Total $ 75,000
Total assets $ 179,000
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Account payable $ 30,000
Income tax payable 19,000
Total $ 49,000
Long-term liabilities
Bonds $ 20,000
Long-term notes 40,000
Total $ 60,000
Total liabilities $ 109,000
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock $ 47,000
Retained earnings 23,000
Total $ 70,000
Total liabilities and $ 179,000
stockholders’ equity
Vocabulary Exercises
1. Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
2. Look at the terms in the left-hand column and find the correct synonyms or definitions in the right-hand column. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. g property (line 6) a. assets equal liabilities plus
owners equity
2. d equal (line 12) b. provide information item
by item
3. f condition (line 2) c. indicate by words or
symbols
4. b detail (line 21) d. have the same value as
5. a accounting equation (line 12) e. a series of transactions,
changes, or functions that
bring about a particular
result
6. h monetary (line 15) f. the existing circumstance
7. e process (line 1) g. anything owned by a
person
8. c express (line 15) h. of or pertaining to money
C. Discuss the following question with a partner. In giving your answers, try to use the italicized terms.
1. What is the difference between accounts receivable and accounts
payable?
2. Why are accounts receivable and cash considered current assets while
property and equipment are considered fixed assets? What do you think
the difference is between current and fixed assets?
3. The owners’ equity in a company equals assets minus liabilities. What
is meant by owners’ (or stockholders’) equity?
4. If you were a manager, how would you use the balance sheet to evaluate
your company’s financial condition?
5. What do you consider your personal assets? Do you have any
liabilities? What are they?
Answer.
1. Accounts receivable is assets and account payable is liabilities.
2. Because they are easy changed into money.
3. Net owning.
4. The manager known were the company’s financial healthy.
5. Mobile.
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these question.
1. What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
1 they financial statement
9 this the owners’ share a business
11 this the relationship of its assets,
liabilities, and owners’ equity
15 these three factors assets, liabilities, owners’
equity
2. In line 6, what are property, equipment, and accounts receivable examples of?
Assets
3. In line 7, what do suppliers and banks refer to?
To whom the company has debts
4. In line 5-7, two different phrases are used to incorporate examples in the reading. What are these phrases?
a. Assets
b. Liabilities
5. Another method of clarification by example is the use of mathematical representations. From the reading, copy example that use mathematical symbols.
a. The fundamental accounting equation
b. Assets = liabilities + owners’ equity
Classification
Categories of the balance sheet can be classified to show the relationship between them. Fill in the following blanks on the information provided in the reading and to figure 1 (page 79).
Class : Assets Class : Liabilities
Members : Current assets Members : Current liabilities
Fixed assets Long-term liabilities
Class : Current assets Class : Current liabilities
Members : Cash Members : Account payable
Accounts receivable Income tax payable
Inventories
Class : Fixed assets Class : Long-term liabilities
Members : Property Members : Bonds
Building Long-term notes
Equipment
Application
Using the information in the reading, answer the following questions. Give reasons to support your answers.
1. Which of the following is not a fixed assets: office equipment, machinery, marketable securities, land, and buildings? Why?
Marketable securities, because its easy to change into money.
2. Are the following liabilities current or long-term: bank loans payable, accounts payable, mortgage bonds payable, taxes payable, and long-term notes payable? List each under the correct heading.
CURRENT LIABILITIES LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Account payable Bank loans payable
Taxes payable Mortgage bonds payable
Notes payable
Selasa, 10 November 2009
Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2(yang sebelumnya hanya dipasarkan sebagai Modern Warfare 2 [9]) adalah permainan yang dikembangkan oleh Infinity Ward dan diterbitkan oleh Activision untuk Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, dan Xbox 360.Secara resmi mengumumkan pada tanggal 11 Februari 2009,permainan ini dirilis di seluruh dunia pada tanggal 10 November, 2009.Game ini adalah yang seri keenam dari Call of Duty dan sekuel langsung Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, melanjutkan di sepanjang alur cerita yang sama.
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 dirilis bersama dengan dua lainnya Call of Duty games: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: dimobilisasi untuk Nintendo DS dan Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Reflex, sebuah pelabuhan dari Call of Duty 4 diadaptasi oleh Treyarch untuk Wii konsol.Di samping itu, buku komik serial berdasarkan salah satu karakter permainan juga akan diproduksi, berjudul Modern Warfare 2: Ghost.Para pengembang telah menyatakan bahwa permainan yang eksklusif 4,0 IW merupakan perbaikan atas mesin yang digunakan dalam permainan sebelumnya.
Sekian dulu ya.Ini baru pengenalan dari Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 dirilis bersama dengan dua lainnya Call of Duty games: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: dimobilisasi untuk Nintendo DS dan Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Reflex, sebuah pelabuhan dari Call of Duty 4 diadaptasi oleh Treyarch untuk Wii konsol.Di samping itu, buku komik serial berdasarkan salah satu karakter permainan juga akan diproduksi, berjudul Modern Warfare 2: Ghost.Para pengembang telah menyatakan bahwa permainan yang eksklusif 4,0 IW merupakan perbaikan atas mesin yang digunakan dalam permainan sebelumnya.
Sekian dulu ya.Ini baru pengenalan dari Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2
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